Pakistan is a South Asian nation located between India and Afghanistan. It has been an independent country since 1947 and is officially known as the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of over 200 million. Islamabad is the nation's capital, and its largest cities include Karachi, Lahore and Peshawar. Pakistani culture is a blend of regional influences, and its people have a rich heritage and history, which includes being the birthplace of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization. Pakistan is an agricultural country, with its economy reliant on cotton, rice, and other agricultural products. It is also rich in natural resources, and is home to mountainous terrain and an extensive coastline. Its diverse geography also includes four of the world's twelve most bio-diverse regions. Pakistan is home to a vibrant cultural and religious history and is often a destination for foreign tourists looking to experience its variety of attractions.